Featured here is a full color seated Ramses II,
Pharaoh of the 19th dynasty on an official phonecard from Egypt.
Ramses II ( reigned 1304-1237 before Christ ) is remembered for his military
campaigns and extensive building program, the remains of which are still
conspicuous. Succeeding his father, Seti I, Ramses pursued a vigorous foreign
policy by attacking his neighbors, the Hittites ( the chief opponents of the
Egyptian empire in the East ). His first wars against them (1300-1299 BC)
ended in an Egyptian dousing after a violent battle at Kadesh in Syria, during
which Ramses narrowly escaped. The loss of prestige sparked revolts within
the empire, and Ramses could not resume hostilities against the Hittites until
1294; the conflicts were finally concluded by a peace treaty in 1283. He also
fought in Trans-Jordan and Nubia and fortified the western coast road of
Egypt against Libyan invaders. Ramses was responsible for building many
large temples, most notably that at Abu Simbel in Nubia. He also founded a
new royal capital at Per-Ramesse ( "the house of Ramses" ) in the Nile's
eastern delta, where Israelites labored before the Exodus.
During his reign, Ramses had more than 100 children,
and by his death in 1237, he had outlived 11 sons.